llama.cpp/README.md

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# llama.cpp
![llama](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1991296/230134379-7181e485-c521-4d23-a0d6-f7b3b61ba524.png)
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[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/actions)
[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
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[Roadmap](https://github.com/users/ggerganov/projects/7) / [Manifesto](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/205) / [ggml](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml)
Inference of [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model in pure C/C++
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**Hot topics:**
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- Simple web chat example: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/1998
- k-quants now support super-block size of 64: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/2001
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- New roadmap: https://github.com/users/ggerganov/projects/7
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- Azure CI brainstorming: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/1985
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- p1 : LLM-based code completion engine at the edge : https://github.com/ggml-org/p1/discussions/1
<details>
<summary>Table of Contents</summary>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="#description">Description</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#usage">Usage</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#get-the-code">Get the Code</a></li>
<li><a href="#build">Build</a></li>
<li><a href="#blas-build">BLAS Build</a></li>
<li><a href="#prepare-data--run">Prepare Data & Run</a></li>
<li><a href="#memorydisk-requirements">Memory/Disk Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#quantization">Quantization</a></li>
<li><a href="#interactive-mode">Interactive mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#instruction-mode-with-alpaca">Instruction mode with Alpaca</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-openllama">Using OpenLLaMA</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-gpt4all">Using GPT4All</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-pygmalion-7b--metharme-7b">Using Pygmalion 7B & Metharme 7B</a></li>
<li><a href="#obtaining-the-facebook-llama-original-model-and-stanford-alpaca-model-data">Obtaining the Facebook LLaMA original model and Stanford Alpaca model data</a></li>
<li><a href="#verifying-the-model-files">Verifying the model files</a></li>
<li><a href="#seminal-papers-and-background-on-the-models">Seminal papers and background on the models</a></li>
<li><a href="#perplexity-measuring-model-quality">Perplexity (measuring model quality)</a></li>
<li><a href="#android">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#docker">Docker</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#contributing">Contributing</a></li>
<li><a href="#coding-guidelines">Coding guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="#docs">Docs</a></li>
</ol>
</details>
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## Description
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The main goal of `llama.cpp` is to run the LLaMA model using 4-bit integer quantization on a MacBook
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- Plain C/C++ implementation without dependencies
llama : Metal inference (#1642) * mtl : export the LLaMA computation graph * ci : disable temporary * mtl : adapt the MNIST example as starter * mtl : no need for mtl-export tool, add cli arg for main instead * mtl : export just a small part of the graph for now to make it easier * mtl : move MSL code into separate file for easy editing * mtl : initial get_rows_q4_0 kernel * mtl : confirmed get_rows_q4_0 is working correctly * mtl : add rms_norm kernel + confirm working * mtl : add mul kernel + confirm working * mtl : initial mul_mat Q4 kernel (wrong results) * mtl : mul_mat fixes (still wrong) * mtl : another mul_mat Q4 (still does not work) * mtl : working mul_mat q4 * ggml : fix handling of "view" ops in ggml_graph_import() * mtl : add rope kernel * mtl : add reshape and transpose handling * ggml : store offset as opt arg for ggml_view_xd() operators * mtl : add cpy kernel + handle view ops * mtl : confirm f16 x f32 attention mul mat * mtl : add scale kernel * mtl : add diag_mask_inf kernel * mtl : fix soft_max kernel * ggml : update ggml_nbytes() to handle non-contiguous tensors * mtl : verify V tensor contents * mtl : add f32 -> f32 cpy kernel * mtl : add silu kernel * mtl : add non-broadcast mul kernel * mtl : full GPU inference of the computation graph * mtl : optimize rms_norm and soft_max kernels * mtl : add f16 mat x f32 vec multiplication kernel * mtl : fix bug in f16 x f32 mul mat + speed-up computation * mtl : faster mul_mat_q4_0_f32 kernel * mtl : fix kernel signature + roll inner loop * mtl : more threads for rms_norm + better timing * mtl : remove printfs from inner loop * mtl : simplify implementation * mtl : add save/load vocab to ggml file * mtl : plug Metal inference into llama.cpp (very quick-n-dirty) * mtl : make it work with main example Lots of hacks but at least now it generates text * mtl : preparing for merge * mtl : clean-up ggml mtl interface + suport scratch / inplace * mtl : remove temp / debug code * metal : final refactoring and simplification * Revert "ci : disable temporary" This reverts commit 98c267fc77fe811082f672538fc91bcfc9072d63. * metal : add comments * metal : clean-up stuff, fix typos * readme : add Metal instructions * readme : add example for main
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- Apple silicon first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
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- AVX, AVX2 and AVX512 support for x86 architectures
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- Mixed F16 / F32 precision
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- 4-bit, 5-bit and 8-bit integer quantization support
- Supports OpenBLAS/Apple BLAS/ARM Performance Lib/ATLAS/BLIS/Intel MKL/NVHPC/ACML/SCSL/SGIMATH and [more](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FindBLAS.html#blas-lapack-vendors) in BLAS
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- cuBLAS and CLBlast support
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The original implementation of `llama.cpp` was [hacked in an evening](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/33#issuecomment-1465108022).
Since then, the project has improved significantly thanks to many contributions. This project is for educational purposes and serves
as the main playground for developing new features for the [ggml](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml) library.
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**Supported platforms:**
- [X] Mac OS
- [X] Linux
- [X] Windows (via CMake)
- [X] Docker
**Supported models:**
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- [X] LLaMA 🦙
- [X] [Alpaca](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp#instruction-mode-with-alpaca)
- [X] [GPT4All](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp#using-gpt4all)
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- [X] [Chinese LLaMA / Alpaca](https://github.com/ymcui/Chinese-LLaMA-Alpaca)
- [X] [Vigogne (French)](https://github.com/bofenghuang/vigogne)
- [X] [Vicuna](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/643#discussioncomment-5533894)
- [X] [Koala](https://bair.berkeley.edu/blog/2023/04/03/koala/)
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- [X] [OpenBuddy 🐶 (Multilingual)](https://github.com/OpenBuddy/OpenBuddy)
- [X] [Pygmalion 7B / Metharme 7B](#using-pygmalion-7b--metharme-7b)
- [X] [WizardLM](https://github.com/nlpxucan/WizardLM)
- [X] [Baichuan-7B](https://huggingface.co/baichuan-inc/baichuan-7B) and its derivations (such as [baichuan-7b-sft](https://huggingface.co/hiyouga/baichuan-7b-sft))
**Bindings:**
- Python: [abetlen/llama-cpp-python](https://github.com/abetlen/llama-cpp-python)
- Go: [go-skynet/go-llama.cpp](https://github.com/go-skynet/go-llama.cpp)
- Node.js: [hlhr202/llama-node](https://github.com/hlhr202/llama-node)
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- Ruby: [yoshoku/llama_cpp.rb](https://github.com/yoshoku/llama_cpp.rb)
- C#/.NET: [SciSharp/LLamaSharp](https://github.com/SciSharp/LLamaSharp)
- Scala 3: [donderom/llm4s](https://github.com/donderom/llm4s)
**UI:**
- [nat/openplayground](https://github.com/nat/openplayground)
- [oobabooga/text-generation-webui](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui)
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---
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Here is a typical run using LLaMA-7B:
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```java
make -j && ./main -m ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512
I llama.cpp build info:
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I UNAME_S: Darwin
I UNAME_P: arm
I UNAME_M: arm64
I CFLAGS: -I. -O3 -DNDEBUG -std=c11 -fPIC -pthread -DGGML_USE_ACCELERATE
I CXXFLAGS: -I. -I./examples -O3 -DNDEBUG -std=c++11 -fPIC -pthread
I LDFLAGS: -framework Accelerate
I CC: Apple clang version 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.202)
I CXX: Apple clang version 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.202)
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make: Nothing to be done for `default'.
main: seed = 1678486056
llama_model_load: loading model from './models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin' - please wait ...
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llama_model_load: n_vocab = 32000
llama_model_load: n_ctx = 512
llama_model_load: n_embd = 4096
llama_model_load: n_mult = 256
llama_model_load: n_head = 32
llama_model_load: n_layer = 32
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llama_model_load: n_rot = 128
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llama_model_load: f16 = 2
llama_model_load: n_ff = 11008
llama_model_load: ggml ctx size = 4529.34 MB
llama_model_load: memory_size = 512.00 MB, n_mem = 16384
llama_model_load: .................................... done
llama_model_load: model size = 4017.27 MB / num tensors = 291
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main: prompt: 'Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:'
main: number of tokens in prompt = 15
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1 -> ''
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8893 -> 'Build'
292 -> 'ing'
263 -> ' a'
4700 -> ' website'
508 -> ' can'
367 -> ' be'
2309 -> ' done'
297 -> ' in'
29871 -> ' '
29896 -> '1'
29900 -> '0'
2560 -> ' simple'
6576 -> ' steps'
29901 -> ':'
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sampling parameters: temp = 0.800000, top_k = 40, top_p = 0.950000
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Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:
1) Select a domain name and web hosting plan
2) Complete a sitemap
3) List your products
4) Write product descriptions
5) Create a user account
6) Build the template
7) Start building the website
8) Advertise the website
9) Provide email support
10) Submit the website to search engines
A website is a collection of web pages that are formatted with HTML. HTML is the code that defines what the website looks like and how it behaves.
The HTML code is formatted into a template or a format. Once this is done, it is displayed on the user's browser.
The web pages are stored in a web server. The web server is also called a host. When the website is accessed, it is retrieved from the server and displayed on the user's computer.
A website is known as a website when it is hosted. This means that it is displayed on a host. The host is usually a web server.
A website can be displayed on different browsers. The browsers are basically the software that renders the website on the user's screen.
A website can also be viewed on different devices such as desktops, tablets and smartphones.
Hence, to have a website displayed on a browser, the website must be hosted.
A domain name is an address of a website. It is the name of the website.
The website is known as a website when it is hosted. This means that it is displayed on a host. The host is usually a web server.
A website can be displayed on different browsers. The browsers are basically the software that renders the website on the users screen.
A website can also be viewed on different devices such as desktops, tablets and smartphones. Hence, to have a website displayed on a browser, the website must be hosted.
A domain name is an address of a website. It is the name of the website.
A website is an address of a website. It is a collection of web pages that are formatted with HTML. HTML is the code that defines what the website looks like and how it behaves.
The HTML code is formatted into a template or a format. Once this is done, it is displayed on the users browser.
A website is known as a website when it is hosted
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main: mem per token = 14434244 bytes
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main: load time = 1332.48 ms
main: sample time = 1081.40 ms
main: predict time = 31378.77 ms / 61.41 ms per token
main: total time = 34036.74 ms
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```
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And here is another demo of running both LLaMA-7B and [whisper.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp) on a single M1 Pro MacBook:
https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1991296/224442907-7693d4be-acaa-4e01-8b4f-add84093ffff.mp4
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## Usage
Here are the steps for the LLaMA-7B model.
### Get the Code
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```bash
git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
cd llama.cpp
```
### Build
In order to build llama.cpp you have three different options.
- Using `make`:
- On Linux or MacOS:
```bash
make
```
- On Windows:
1. Download the latest fortran version of [w64devkit](https://github.com/skeeto/w64devkit/releases).
2. Extract `w64devkit` on your pc.
3. Run `w64devkit.exe`.
4. Use the `cd` command to reach the `llama.cpp` folder.
5. From here you can run:
```bash
make
```
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- Using `CMake`:
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
cmake --build . --config Release
```
- Using `Zig`:
```bash
zig build -Doptimize=ReleaseFast
```
llama : Metal inference (#1642) * mtl : export the LLaMA computation graph * ci : disable temporary * mtl : adapt the MNIST example as starter * mtl : no need for mtl-export tool, add cli arg for main instead * mtl : export just a small part of the graph for now to make it easier * mtl : move MSL code into separate file for easy editing * mtl : initial get_rows_q4_0 kernel * mtl : confirmed get_rows_q4_0 is working correctly * mtl : add rms_norm kernel + confirm working * mtl : add mul kernel + confirm working * mtl : initial mul_mat Q4 kernel (wrong results) * mtl : mul_mat fixes (still wrong) * mtl : another mul_mat Q4 (still does not work) * mtl : working mul_mat q4 * ggml : fix handling of "view" ops in ggml_graph_import() * mtl : add rope kernel * mtl : add reshape and transpose handling * ggml : store offset as opt arg for ggml_view_xd() operators * mtl : add cpy kernel + handle view ops * mtl : confirm f16 x f32 attention mul mat * mtl : add scale kernel * mtl : add diag_mask_inf kernel * mtl : fix soft_max kernel * ggml : update ggml_nbytes() to handle non-contiguous tensors * mtl : verify V tensor contents * mtl : add f32 -> f32 cpy kernel * mtl : add silu kernel * mtl : add non-broadcast mul kernel * mtl : full GPU inference of the computation graph * mtl : optimize rms_norm and soft_max kernels * mtl : add f16 mat x f32 vec multiplication kernel * mtl : fix bug in f16 x f32 mul mat + speed-up computation * mtl : faster mul_mat_q4_0_f32 kernel * mtl : fix kernel signature + roll inner loop * mtl : more threads for rms_norm + better timing * mtl : remove printfs from inner loop * mtl : simplify implementation * mtl : add save/load vocab to ggml file * mtl : plug Metal inference into llama.cpp (very quick-n-dirty) * mtl : make it work with main example Lots of hacks but at least now it generates text * mtl : preparing for merge * mtl : clean-up ggml mtl interface + suport scratch / inplace * mtl : remove temp / debug code * metal : final refactoring and simplification * Revert "ci : disable temporary" This reverts commit 98c267fc77fe811082f672538fc91bcfc9072d63. * metal : add comments * metal : clean-up stuff, fix typos * readme : add Metal instructions * readme : add example for main
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### Metal Build
Using Metal allows the computation to be executed on the GPU for Apple devices:
- Using `make`:
```bash
LLAMA_METAL=1 make
```
- Using `CMake`:
```bash
mkdir build-metal
cd build-metal
cmake -DLLAMA_METAL=ON ..
cmake --build . --config Release
```
When built with Metal support, you can enable GPU inference with the `--gpu-layers|-ngl` command-line argument.
Any value larger than 0 will offload the computation to the GPU. For example:
```bash
./main -m ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -n 128 -ngl 1
```
### MPI Build
MPI lets you distribute the computation over a cluster of machines. Because of the serial nature of LLM prediction, this won't yield any end-to-end speed-ups, but it will let you run larger models than would otherwise fit into RAM on a single machine.
First you will need MPI libraries installed on your system. The two most popular (only?) options are [MPICH](https://www.mpich.org) and [OpenMPI](https://www.open-mpi.org). Either can be installed with a package manager (`apt`, Homebrew, MacPorts, etc).
Next you will need to build the project with `LLAMA_MPI` set to true on all machines; if you're building with `make`, you will also need to specify an MPI-capable compiler (when building with CMake, this is configured automatically):
- Using `make`:
```bash
make CC=mpicc CXX=mpicxx LLAMA_MPI=1
```
- Using `CMake`:
```bash
cmake -S . -B build -DLLAMA_MPI=ON
```
Once the programs are built, download/convert the weights on all of the machines in your cluster. The paths to the weights and programs should be identical on all machines.
Next, ensure password-less SSH access to each machine from the primary host, and create a `hostfile` with a list of the hostnames and their relative "weights" (slots). If you want to use localhost for computation, use its local subnet IP address rather than the loopback address or "localhost".
Here is an example hostfile:
```
192.168.0.1:2
malvolio.local:1
```
The above will distribute the computation across 2 processes on the first host and 1 process on the second host. Each process will use roughly an equal amount of RAM. Try to keep these numbers small, as inter-process (intra-host) communication is expensive.
Finally, you're ready to run a computation using `mpirun`:
```bash
mpirun -hostfile hostfile -n 3 ./main -m ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -n 128
```
### BLAS Build
Building the program with BLAS support may lead to some performance improvements in prompt processing using batch sizes higher than 32 (the default is 512). BLAS doesn't affect the normal generation performance. There are currently three different implementations of it:
- #### Accelerate Framework:
This is only available on Mac PCs and it's enabled by default. You can just build using the normal instructions.
- #### OpenBLAS:
This provides BLAS acceleration using only the CPU. Make sure to have OpenBLAS installed on your machine.
- Using `make`:
- On Linux:
```bash
make LLAMA_OPENBLAS=1
```
- On Windows:
1. Download the latest fortran version of [w64devkit](https://github.com/skeeto/w64devkit/releases).
2. Download the latest version of [OpenBLAS for Windows](https://github.com/xianyi/OpenBLAS/releases).
3. Extract `w64devkit` on your pc.
4. From the OpenBLAS zip that you just downloaded copy `libopenblas.a`, located inside the `lib` folder, inside `w64devkit\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib`.
5. From the same OpenBLAS zip copy the content of the `include` folder inside `w64devkit\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include`.
6. Run `w64devkit.exe`.
7. Use the `cd` command to reach the `llama.cpp` folder.
8. From here you can run:
```bash
make LLAMA_OPENBLAS=1
```
- Using `CMake` on Linux:
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DLLAMA_BLAS=ON -DLLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR=OpenBLAS
cmake --build . --config Release
```
- #### BLIS
Check [BLIS.md](docs/BLIS.md) for more information.
- #### Intel MKL
By default, `LLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR` is set to `Generic`, so if you already sourced intel environment script and assign `-DLLAMA_BLAS=ON` in cmake, the mkl version of Blas will automatically been selected. You may also specify it by:
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DLLAMA_BLAS=ON -DLLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR=Intel10_64lp -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
cmake --build . --config Release
```
- #### cuBLAS
This provides BLAS acceleration using the CUDA cores of your Nvidia GPU. Make sure to have the CUDA toolkit installed. You can download it from your Linux distro's package manager or from here: [CUDA Toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads).
- Using `make`:
```bash
make LLAMA_CUBLAS=1
```
- Using `CMake`:
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=ON
cmake --build . --config Release
```
The environment variable [`CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html#env-vars) can be used to specify which GPU(s) will be used. The following compilation options are also available to tweak performance:
| Option | Legal values | Default | Description |
|-------------------------|------------------------|---------|-------------|
| LLAMA_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV | Boolean | false | Force the use of dequantization + matrix vector multiplication kernels instead of using kernels that do matrix vector multiplication on quantized data. By default the decision is made based on compute capability (MMVQ for 7.0/Turing/RTX 2000 or higher). Does not affect k-quants. |
| LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_X | Positive integer >= 32 | 32 | Number of values in x direction processed by the CUDA dequantization + matrix vector multiplication kernel per iteration. Increasing this value can improve performance on fast GPUs. Power of 2 heavily recommended. Does not affect k-quants. |
| LLAMA_CUDA_MMV_Y | Positive integer | 1 | Block size in y direction for the CUDA mul mat vec kernels. Increasing this value can improve performance on fast GPUs. Power of 2 recommended. Does not affect k-quants. |
| LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16 | Boolean | false | If enabled, use half-precision floating point arithmetic for the CUDA dequantization + mul mat vec kernels. Can improve performance on relatively recent GPUs. |
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| LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER | 1 or 2 | 2 | Number of values processed per iteration and per CUDA thread for Q2_K and Q6_K quantization formats. Setting this value to 1 can improve performance for slow GPUs. |
- #### CLBlast
OpenCL acceleration is provided by the matrix multiplication kernels from the [CLBlast](https://github.com/CNugteren/CLBlast) project and custom kernels for ggml that can generate tokens on the GPU.
You will need the [OpenCL SDK](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-SDK).
- For Ubuntu or Debian, the packages `opencl-headers`, `ocl-icd` may be needed.
- <details>
<summary>Installing the OpenCL SDK from source</summary>
```sh
git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-SDK.git
mkdir OpenCL-SDK/build
cd OpenCL-SDK/build
cmake .. -DBUILD_DOCS=OFF \
-DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-DBUILD_TESTING=OFF \
-DOPENCL_SDK_BUILD_SAMPLES=OFF \
-DOPENCL_SDK_TEST_SAMPLES=OFF
cmake --build . --config Release
cmake --install . --prefix /some/path
```
</details>
Installing CLBlast: it may be found in your operating system's packages.
- <details>
<summary>If not, then installing from source:</summary>
```sh
git clone https://github.com/CNugteren/CLBlast.git
mkdir CLBlast/build
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cd CLBlast/build
cmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -DTUNERS=OFF
cmake --build . --config Release
cmake --install . --prefix /some/path
```
Where `/some/path` is where the built library will be installed (default is `/usr/local`).
</details>
Building:
- Build with make:
```sh
make LLAMA_CLBLAST=1
```
- CMake:
```sh
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DLLAMA_CLBLAST=ON -DCLBlast_dir=/some/path
cmake --build . --config Release
```
Running:
llama : Metal inference (#1642) * mtl : export the LLaMA computation graph * ci : disable temporary * mtl : adapt the MNIST example as starter * mtl : no need for mtl-export tool, add cli arg for main instead * mtl : export just a small part of the graph for now to make it easier * mtl : move MSL code into separate file for easy editing * mtl : initial get_rows_q4_0 kernel * mtl : confirmed get_rows_q4_0 is working correctly * mtl : add rms_norm kernel + confirm working * mtl : add mul kernel + confirm working * mtl : initial mul_mat Q4 kernel (wrong results) * mtl : mul_mat fixes (still wrong) * mtl : another mul_mat Q4 (still does not work) * mtl : working mul_mat q4 * ggml : fix handling of "view" ops in ggml_graph_import() * mtl : add rope kernel * mtl : add reshape and transpose handling * ggml : store offset as opt arg for ggml_view_xd() operators * mtl : add cpy kernel + handle view ops * mtl : confirm f16 x f32 attention mul mat * mtl : add scale kernel * mtl : add diag_mask_inf kernel * mtl : fix soft_max kernel * ggml : update ggml_nbytes() to handle non-contiguous tensors * mtl : verify V tensor contents * mtl : add f32 -> f32 cpy kernel * mtl : add silu kernel * mtl : add non-broadcast mul kernel * mtl : full GPU inference of the computation graph * mtl : optimize rms_norm and soft_max kernels * mtl : add f16 mat x f32 vec multiplication kernel * mtl : fix bug in f16 x f32 mul mat + speed-up computation * mtl : faster mul_mat_q4_0_f32 kernel * mtl : fix kernel signature + roll inner loop * mtl : more threads for rms_norm + better timing * mtl : remove printfs from inner loop * mtl : simplify implementation * mtl : add save/load vocab to ggml file * mtl : plug Metal inference into llama.cpp (very quick-n-dirty) * mtl : make it work with main example Lots of hacks but at least now it generates text * mtl : preparing for merge * mtl : clean-up ggml mtl interface + suport scratch / inplace * mtl : remove temp / debug code * metal : final refactoring and simplification * Revert "ci : disable temporary" This reverts commit 98c267fc77fe811082f672538fc91bcfc9072d63. * metal : add comments * metal : clean-up stuff, fix typos * readme : add Metal instructions * readme : add example for main
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The CLBlast build supports `--gpu-layers|-ngl` like the CUDA version does.
To select the correct platform (driver) and device (GPU), you can use the environment variables `GGML_OPENCL_PLATFORM` and `GGML_OPENCL_DEVICE`.
The selection can be a number (starting from 0) or a text string to search:
```sh
GGML_OPENCL_PLATFORM=1 ./main ...
GGML_OPENCL_DEVICE=2 ./main ...
GGML_OPENCL_PLATFORM=Intel ./main ...
GGML_OPENCL_PLATFORM=AMD GGML_OPENCL_DEVICE=1 ./main ...
```
The default behavior is to find the first GPU device, but when it is an integrated GPU on a laptop, for instance, the selectors are useful.
Using the variables it is possible to select a CPU-based driver as well, if so desired.
You can get a list of platforms and devices from the `clinfo -l` command, etc.
### Prepare Data & Run
```bash
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# obtain the original LLaMA model weights and place them in ./models
ls ./models
65B 30B 13B 7B tokenizer_checklist.chk tokenizer.model
# install Python dependencies
py : new conversion script (#545) Current status: Working, except for the latest GPTQ-for-LLaMa format that includes `g_idx`. This turns out to require changes to GGML, so for now it only works if you use the `--outtype` option to dequantize it back to f16 (which is pointless except for debugging). I also included some cleanup for the C++ code. This script is meant to replace all the existing conversion scripts (including the ones that convert from older GGML formats), while also adding support for some new formats. Specifically, I've tested with: - [x] `LLaMA` (original) - [x] `llama-65b-4bit` - [x] `alpaca-native` - [x] `alpaca-native-4bit` - [x] LLaMA converted to 'transformers' format using `convert_llama_weights_to_hf.py` - [x] `alpaca-native` quantized with `--true-sequential --act-order --groupsize 128` (dequantized only) - [x] same as above plus `--save_safetensors` - [x] GPT4All - [x] stock unversioned ggml - [x] ggmh There's enough overlap in the logic needed to handle these different cases that it seemed best to move to a single script. I haven't tried this with Alpaca-LoRA because I don't know where to find it. Useful features: - Uses multiple threads for a speedup in some cases (though the Python GIL limits the gain, and sometimes it's disk-bound anyway). - Combines split models into a single file (both the intra-tensor split of the original and the inter-tensor split of 'transformers' format files). Single files are more convenient to work with and more friendly to future changes to use memory mapping on the C++ side. To accomplish this without increasing memory requirements, it has some custom loading code which avoids loading whole input files into memory at once. - Because of the custom loading code, it no longer depends in PyTorch, which might make installing dependencies slightly easier or faster... although it still depends on NumPy and sentencepiece, so I don't know if there's any meaningful difference. In any case, I also added a requirements.txt file to lock the dependency versions in case of any future breaking changes. - Type annotations checked with mypy. - Some attempts to be extra user-friendly: - The script tries to be forgiving with arguments, e.g. you can specify either the model file itself or the directory containing it. - The script doesn't depend on config.json / params.json, just in case the user downloaded files individually and doesn't have those handy. But you still need tokenizer.model and, for Alpaca, added_tokens.json. - The script tries to give a helpful error message if added_tokens.json is missing.
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python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
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# convert the 7B model to ggml FP16 format
py : new conversion script (#545) Current status: Working, except for the latest GPTQ-for-LLaMa format that includes `g_idx`. This turns out to require changes to GGML, so for now it only works if you use the `--outtype` option to dequantize it back to f16 (which is pointless except for debugging). I also included some cleanup for the C++ code. This script is meant to replace all the existing conversion scripts (including the ones that convert from older GGML formats), while also adding support for some new formats. Specifically, I've tested with: - [x] `LLaMA` (original) - [x] `llama-65b-4bit` - [x] `alpaca-native` - [x] `alpaca-native-4bit` - [x] LLaMA converted to 'transformers' format using `convert_llama_weights_to_hf.py` - [x] `alpaca-native` quantized with `--true-sequential --act-order --groupsize 128` (dequantized only) - [x] same as above plus `--save_safetensors` - [x] GPT4All - [x] stock unversioned ggml - [x] ggmh There's enough overlap in the logic needed to handle these different cases that it seemed best to move to a single script. I haven't tried this with Alpaca-LoRA because I don't know where to find it. Useful features: - Uses multiple threads for a speedup in some cases (though the Python GIL limits the gain, and sometimes it's disk-bound anyway). - Combines split models into a single file (both the intra-tensor split of the original and the inter-tensor split of 'transformers' format files). Single files are more convenient to work with and more friendly to future changes to use memory mapping on the C++ side. To accomplish this without increasing memory requirements, it has some custom loading code which avoids loading whole input files into memory at once. - Because of the custom loading code, it no longer depends in PyTorch, which might make installing dependencies slightly easier or faster... although it still depends on NumPy and sentencepiece, so I don't know if there's any meaningful difference. In any case, I also added a requirements.txt file to lock the dependency versions in case of any future breaking changes. - Type annotations checked with mypy. - Some attempts to be extra user-friendly: - The script tries to be forgiving with arguments, e.g. you can specify either the model file itself or the directory containing it. - The script doesn't depend on config.json / params.json, just in case the user downloaded files individually and doesn't have those handy. But you still need tokenizer.model and, for Alpaca, added_tokens.json. - The script tries to give a helpful error message if added_tokens.json is missing.
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python3 convert.py models/7B/
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# quantize the model to 4-bits (using q4_0 method)
./quantize ./models/7B/ggml-model-f16.bin ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin q4_0
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# run the inference
./main -m ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -n 128
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```
When running the larger models, make sure you have enough disk space to store all the intermediate files.
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### Memory/Disk Requirements
As the models are currently fully loaded into memory, you will need adequate disk space to save them and sufficient RAM to load them. At the moment, memory and disk requirements are the same.
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| Model | Original size | Quantized size (4-bit) |
|------:|--------------:|-----------------------:|
| 7B | 13 GB | 3.9 GB |
| 13B | 24 GB | 7.8 GB |
| 30B | 60 GB | 19.5 GB |
| 65B | 120 GB | 38.5 GB |
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### Quantization
Several quantization methods are supported. They differ in the resulting model disk size and inference speed.
ggml : remove bit shuffling (#1405) * ggml : remove Q4_0 bit shufling (ARM NEON) * ggml : remove Q4_1 bit shuffling (ARM NEON + reference) * ggml : nibbles_from_floats() + bytes_from_nibbles() (ARM NEON) * ggml : remove Q4_2 bit shuffling (WIP, BROKEN) * ggml : remove Q5_0 bit shuffling (ARM NEON) * ggml : 2x faster scalar implementations * ggml : remove Q5_1 bit shuffling (ARM NEON + scalar) * ggml : simplify scalar dot * ggml : remove WASM SIMD bit shuffling + remove vzip for ARM 32-bit * ggml : fix Q4_1 quantization * ggml : update cuBLAS + normalize variable names * ggml : remove Q4_2 mode * ggml : minor formatting * ggml : fix Q5_0 quantization * scripts : add script for measuring the time per token * AVX implementations (#1370) * ggml : uniform 5th bit extraction * llama : produce error upon loading old model files * llama : fix model magic/version write * ggml : speed-up Q5_0 + Q5_1 at 4 threads * ggml : preserve old Q4 and Q5 formats * ggml : simplify Q8_1 - no need for low / high sums anymore * ggml : fix Q8_0 and Q8_1 rounding * Revert "AVX implementations (#1370)" This reverts commit 948d124837f9d287d8490f41338e0e4cceb0814f. * ggml : fix AVX2 implementation * sha : update hashes for 7B and 13B * readme : update timings + remove warning banner * llama : update v2 PR number to 1405 * ggml : fix WASM comments * ggml : back to original bit order * readme : add note that Q4 and Q5 have been changed * llama : fix return for unknown version --------- Co-authored-by: Stephan Walter <stephan@walter.name>
2023-05-11 21:23:08 +00:00
| Model | Measure | F16 | Q4_0 | Q4_1 | Q5_0 | Q5_1 | Q8_0 |
|------:|--------------|-------:|-------:|-------:|-------:|-------:|-------:|
| 7B | perplexity | 5.9066 | 6.1565 | 6.0912 | 5.9862 | 5.9481 | 5.9070 |
| 7B | file size | 13.0G | 3.5G | 3.9G | 4.3G | 4.7G | 6.7G |
| 7B | ms/tok @ 4th | 127 | 55 | 54 | 76 | 83 | 72 |
| 7B | ms/tok @ 8th | 122 | 43 | 45 | 52 | 56 | 67 |
| 7B | bits/weight | 16.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 8.5 |
| 13B | perplexity | 5.2543 | 5.3860 | 5.3608 | 5.2856 | 5.2706 | 5.2548 |
| 13B | file size | 25.0G | 6.8G | 7.6G | 8.3G | 9.1G | 13G |
| 13B | ms/tok @ 4th | - | 103 | 105 | 148 | 160 | 131 |
| 13B | ms/tok @ 8th | - | 73 | 82 | 98 | 105 | 128 |
| 13B | bits/weight | 16.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 8.5 |
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### Perplexity (measuring model quality)
You can use the `perplexity` example to measure perplexity over a given prompt (lower perplexity is better).
For more information, see [https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/perplexity](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/perplexity).
The perplexity measurements in table above are done against the `wikitext2` test dataset (https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/wikitext-2), with context length of 512.
The time per token is measured on a MacBook M1 Pro 32GB RAM using 4 and 8 threads.
### Interactive mode
If you want a more ChatGPT-like experience, you can run in interactive mode by passing `-i` as a parameter.
In this mode, you can always interrupt generation by pressing Ctrl+C and entering one or more lines of text, which will be converted into tokens and appended to the current context. You can also specify a *reverse prompt* with the parameter `-r "reverse prompt string"`. This will result in user input being prompted whenever the exact tokens of the reverse prompt string are encountered in the generation. A typical use is to use a prompt that makes LLaMa emulate a chat between multiple users, say Alice and Bob, and pass `-r "Alice:"`.
Here is an example of a few-shot interaction, invoked with the command
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```bash
# default arguments using a 7B model
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./examples/chat.sh
# advanced chat with a 13B model
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./examples/chat-13B.sh
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# custom arguments using a 13B model
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./main -m ./models/13B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -n 256 --repeat_penalty 1.0 --color -i -r "User:" -f prompts/chat-with-bob.txt
```
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Note the use of `--color` to distinguish between user input and generated text. Other parameters are explained in more detail in the [README](examples/main/README.md) for the `main` example program.
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![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1991296/224575029-2af3c7dc-5a65-4f64-a6bb-517a532aea38.png)
### Persistent Interaction
The prompt, user inputs, and model generations can be saved and resumed across calls to `./main` by leveraging `--prompt-cache` and `--prompt-cache-all`. The `./examples/chat-persistent.sh` script demonstrates this with support for long-running, resumable chat sessions. To use this example, you must provide a file to cache the initial chat prompt and a directory to save the chat session, and may optionally provide the same variables as `chat-13B.sh`. The same prompt cache can be reused for new chat sessions. Note that both prompt cache and chat directory are tied to the initial prompt (`PROMPT_TEMPLATE`) and the model file.
```bash
# Start a new chat
PROMPT_CACHE_FILE=chat.prompt.bin CHAT_SAVE_DIR=./chat/default ./examples/chat-persistent.sh
# Resume that chat
PROMPT_CACHE_FILE=chat.prompt.bin CHAT_SAVE_DIR=./chat/default ./examples/chat-persistent.sh
# Start a different chat with the same prompt/model
PROMPT_CACHE_FILE=chat.prompt.bin CHAT_SAVE_DIR=./chat/another ./examples/chat-persistent.sh
# Different prompt cache for different prompt/model
PROMPT_TEMPLATE=./prompts/chat-with-bob.txt PROMPT_CACHE_FILE=bob.prompt.bin \
CHAT_SAVE_DIR=./chat/bob ./examples/chat-persistent.sh
```
### Instruction mode with Alpaca
1. First, download the `ggml` Alpaca model into the `./models` folder
2. Run the `main` tool like this:
```
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./examples/alpaca.sh
```
Sample run:
```
== Running in interactive mode. ==
- Press Ctrl+C to interject at any time.
- Press Return to return control to LLaMa.
- If you want to submit another line, end your input in '\'.
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
> How many letters are there in the English alphabet?
There 26 letters in the English Alphabet
> What is the most common way of transportation in Amsterdam?
The majority (54%) are using public transit. This includes buses, trams and metros with over 100 lines throughout the city which make it very accessible for tourists to navigate around town as well as locals who commute by tram or metro on a daily basis
> List 5 words that start with "ca".
cadaver, cauliflower, cabbage (vegetable), catalpa (tree) and Cailleach.
>
```
### Using [OpenLLaMA](https://github.com/openlm-research/open_llama)
OpenLLaMA is an openly licensed reproduction of Meta's original LLaMA model. It uses the same architecture and is a drop-in replacement for the original LLaMA weights.
- Download the [3B](https://huggingface.co/openlm-research/open_llama_3b), [7B](https://huggingface.co/openlm-research/open_llama_7b), or [13B](https://huggingface.co/openlm-research/open_llama_13b) model from Hugging Face.
- Convert the model to ggml FP16 format using `python convert.py <path to OpenLLaMA directory>`
### Using [GPT4All](https://github.com/nomic-ai/gpt4all)
- Obtain the `tokenizer.model` file from LLaMA model and put it to `models`
- Obtain the `added_tokens.json` file from Alpaca model and put it to `models`
- Obtain the `gpt4all-lora-quantized.bin` file from GPT4All model and put it to `models/gpt4all-7B`
- It is distributed in the old `ggml` format which is now obsoleted
- You have to convert it to the new format using `convert.py`:
```bash
python3 convert.py models/gpt4all-7B/gpt4all-lora-quantized.bin
```
- You can now use the newly generated `models/gpt4all-7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin` model in exactly the same way as all other models
- The newer GPT4All-J model is not yet supported!
### Using Pygmalion 7B & Metharme 7B
- Obtain the [LLaMA weights](#obtaining-the-facebook-llama-original-model-and-stanford-alpaca-model-data)
- Obtain the [Pygmalion 7B](https://huggingface.co/PygmalionAI/pygmalion-7b/) or [Metharme 7B](https://huggingface.co/PygmalionAI/metharme-7b) XOR encoded weights
- Convert the LLaMA model with [the latest HF convert script](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/llama/convert_llama_weights_to_hf.py)
- Merge the XOR files with the converted LLaMA weights by running the [xor_codec](https://huggingface.co/PygmalionAI/pygmalion-7b/blob/main/xor_codec.py) script
- Convert to `ggml` format using the `convert.py` script in this repo:
```bash
python3 convert.py pygmalion-7b/ --outtype q4_1
```
> The Pygmalion 7B & Metharme 7B weights are saved in [bfloat16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bfloat16_floating-point_format) precision. If you wish to convert to `ggml` without quantizating, please specify the `--outtype` as `f32` instead of `f16`.
### Obtaining the Facebook LLaMA original model and Stanford Alpaca model data
- **Under no circumstances should IPFS, magnet links, or any other links to model downloads be shared anywhere in this repository, including in issues, discussions, or pull requests. They will be immediately deleted.**
- The LLaMA models are officially distributed by Facebook and will **never** be provided through this repository.
- Refer to [Facebook's LLaMA repository](https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/pull/73/files) if you need to request access to the model data.
### Verifying the model files
Please verify the [sha256 checksums](SHA256SUMS) of all downloaded model files to confirm that you have the correct model data files before creating an issue relating to your model files.
- The following python script will verify if you have all possible latest files in your self-installed `./models` subdirectory:
```bash
# run the verification script
python3 .\scripts\verify-checksum-models.py
```
- On linux or macOS it is also possible to run the following commands to verify if you have all possible latest files in your self-installed `./models` subdirectory:
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- On Linux: `sha256sum --ignore-missing -c SHA256SUMS`
- on macOS: `shasum -a 256 --ignore-missing -c SHA256SUMS`
### Seminal papers and background on the models
If your issue is with model generation quality, then please at least scan the following links and papers to understand the limitations of LLaMA models. This is especially important when choosing an appropriate model size and appreciating both the significant and subtle differences between LLaMA models and ChatGPT:
- LLaMA:
- [Introducing LLaMA: A foundational, 65-billion-parameter large language model](https://ai.facebook.com/blog/large-language-model-llama-meta-ai/)
- [LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971)
- GPT-3
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165)
- GPT-3.5 / InstructGPT / ChatGPT:
- [Aligning language models to follow instructions](https://openai.com/research/instruction-following)
- [Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155)
#### How to run
1. Download/extract: https://s3.amazonaws.com/research.metamind.io/wikitext/wikitext-2-raw-v1.zip?ref=salesforce-research
2. Run `./perplexity -m models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -f wiki.test.raw`
3. Output:
```
perplexity : calculating perplexity over 655 chunks
24.43 seconds per pass - ETA 4.45 hours
[1]4.5970,[2]5.1807,[3]6.0382,...
```
And after 4.45 hours, you will have the final perplexity.
### Android
#### Building the Project using Android NDK
You can easily run `llama.cpp` on Android device with [termux](https://termux.dev/).
First, install the essential packages for termux:
```
pkg install clang wget git cmake
```
Second, obtain the [Android NDK](https://developer.android.com/ndk) and then build with CMake:
```
$ mkdir build-android
$ cd build-android
$ export NDK=<your_ndk_directory>
$ cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$NDK/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-23 -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-march=armv8.4a+dotprod ..
$ make
```
Install [termux](https://termux.dev/) on your device and run `termux-setup-storage` to get access to your SD card.
Finally, copy the `llama` binary and the model files to your device storage. Here is a demo of an interactive session running on Pixel 5 phone:
https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/271616/225014776-1d567049-ad71-4ef2-b050-55b0b3b9274c.mp4
#### Building the Project using Termux (F-Droid)
Termux from F-Droid offers an alternative route to execute the project on an Android device. This method empowers you to construct the project right from within the terminal, negating the requirement for a rooted device or SD Card.
Outlined below are the directives for installing the project using OpenBLAS and CLBlast. This combination is specifically designed to deliver peak performance on recent devices that feature a GPU.
If you opt to utilize OpenBLAS, you'll need to install the corresponding package.
```
apt install libopenblas
```
Subsequently, if you decide to incorporate CLBlast, you'll first need to install the requisite OpenCL packages:
```
apt install ocl-icd opencl-headers opencl-clhpp clinfo
```
In order to compile CLBlast, you'll need to first clone the respective Git repository, which can be found at this URL: https://github.com/CNugteren/CLBlast. Alongside this, clone this repository into your home directory. Once this is done, navigate to the CLBlast folder and execute the commands detailed below:
```
cmake .
make
cp libclblast.so* $PREFIX/lib
cp ./include/clblast.h ../llama.cpp
```
Following the previous steps, navigate to the LlamaCpp directory. To compile it with OpenBLAS and CLBlast, execute the command provided below:
```
cp /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/include/openblas/cblas.h .
cp /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/include/openblas/openblas_config.h .
make LLAMA_CLBLAST=1 //(sometimes you need to run this command twice)
```
Upon completion of the aforementioned steps, you will have successfully compiled the project. To run it using CLBlast, a slight adjustment is required: a command must be issued to direct the operations towards your device's physical GPU, rather than the virtual one. The necessary command is detailed below:
```
GGML_OPENCL_PLATFORM=0
GGML_OPENCL_DEVICE=0
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/vendor/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
```
(Note: some Android devices, like the Zenfone 8, need the following command instead - "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/system/vendor/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH". Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/termux/comments/kc3ynp/opencl_working_in_termux_more_in_comments/ )
For easy and swift re-execution, consider documenting this final part in a .sh script file. This will enable you to rerun the process with minimal hassle.
Place your desired model into the `~/llama.cpp/models/` directory and execute the `./main (...)` script.
### Docker
#### Prerequisites
* Docker must be installed and running on your system.
* Create a folder to store big models & intermediate files (ex. /llama/models)
#### Images
We have two Docker images available for this project:
1. `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:full`: This image includes both the main executable file and the tools to convert LLaMA models into ggml and convert into 4-bit quantization.
2. `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:light`: This image only includes the main executable file.
#### Usage
The easiest way to download the models, convert them to ggml and optimize them is with the --all-in-one command which includes the full docker image.
Replace `/path/to/models` below with the actual path where you downloaded the models.
```bash
docker run -v /path/to/models:/models ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:full --all-in-one "/models/" 7B
```
On completion, you are ready to play!
```bash
docker run -v /path/to/models:/models ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:full --run -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512
```
or with a light image:
```bash
docker run -v /path/to/models:/models ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:light -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512
```
### Docker With CUDA
Assuming one has the [nvidia-container-toolkit](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit) properly installed on Linux, or is using a GPU enabled cloud, `cuBLAS` should be accessible inside the container.
#### Building Locally
```bash
docker build -t local/llama.cpp:full-cuda -f .devops/full-cuda.Dockerfile .
docker build -t local/llama.cpp:light-cuda -f .devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile .
```
You may want to pass in some different `ARGS`, depending on the CUDA environment supported by your container host, as well as the GPU architecture.
The defaults are:
- `CUDA_VERSION` set to `11.7.1`
- `CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH` set to `all`
The resulting images, are essentially the same as the non-CUDA images:
1. `local/llama.cpp:full-cuda`: This image includes both the main executable file and the tools to convert LLaMA models into ggml and convert into 4-bit quantization.
2. `local/llama.cpp:light-cuda`: This image only includes the main executable file.
#### Usage
After building locally, Usage is similar to the non-CUDA examples, but you'll need to add the `--gpus` flag. You will also want to use the `--n-gpu-layers` flag.
```bash
docker run --gpus all -v /path/to/models:/models local/llama.cpp:full-cuda --run -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512 --n-gpu-layers 1
docker run --gpus all -v /path/to/models:/models local/llama.cpp:light-cuda -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512 --n-gpu-layers 1
```
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### Contributing
- Contributors can open PRs
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- Collaborators can push to branches in the `llama.cpp` repo and merge PRs into the `master` branch
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- Collaborators will be invited based on contributions
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- Any help with managing issues and PRs is very appreciated!
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- Make sure to read this: [Inference at the edge](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/205)
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- A bit of backstory for those who are interested: [Changelog podcast](https://changelog.com/podcast/532)
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### Coding guidelines
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- Avoid adding third-party dependencies, extra files, extra headers, etc.
- Always consider cross-compatibility with other operating systems and architectures
- Avoid fancy looking modern STL constructs, use basic `for` loops, avoid templates, keep it simple
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- There are no strict rules for the code style, but try to follow the patterns in the code (indentation, spaces, etc.). Vertical alignment makes things more readable and easier to batch edit
- Clean-up any trailing whitespaces, use 4 spaces for indentation, brackets on the same line, `void * ptr`, `int & a`
- See [good first issues](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22) for tasks suitable for first contributions
### Docs
- [main](./examples/main/README.md)
- [server](./examples/server/README.md)
- [embd-input](./examples/embd-input/README.md)
- [jeopardy](./examples/jeopardy/README.md)
- [BLIS](./docs/BLIS.md)
- [Performance troubleshooting](./docs/token_generation_performance_tips.md)
- [GGML tips & tricks](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/wiki/GGML-Tips-&-Tricks)